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  1. The ABC of Communism
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1920
    Written as a commentary on the Bolshevik Party program, combining a vision of communist society with a program for practical action.
  2. The Abolition of the State
    Anarchist & Marxist Perspectives

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    Both Anarchists and Marxists believe that it will be possible to do away with the state. But what do they mean by that? What is the state, after all? What institutions, if any, would be necessary to replace its functions? Would a transitional “dictatorship of the proletariat” be needed or will it be possible to immediately abolish the state? Does modern technology require a centralized institution such as the state? Throughout the history of revolutions, the people have created workplace councils and neighborhood assemblies--how could these replace the state?
  3. The Age of Permanent Revolution
    A Trotsky Anthology

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1964
    A collection of writings by Leon Trotsky.
  4. "All Power to the Soviets!" Biography of a Slogan
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    An examination of the origins of the slogan "All Power to the Soviets" in its original context of Russia in 1917.
  5. The Anarchists in the Russian Revolution
    Documents of revolution

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1973
    A selection of articles, manifestos, speeches, resolutions, letter, diaries, poems, and songs which seek to capture the spirit of the anarchist movement in Rissia.
  6. The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1926   Published: 1971
    This is the first time that the complete autobiography which Alexandra Kollontai has been published. Written in 1926 under the pressure of the gradually sharpening Stalinist control, readers must realise the extent and intensity of corrections in which Kollontai was forced to make.
  7. Bolshevik Party
    Entry in the Marxists Internet Archive Glossary

    Resource Type: Article
    The Bolshevik party led the Russian Revolution of 1917.
  8. The Bolshevik Revolution 1917 - 1923 - Volume One
    A History of Soviet Russia

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1950   Published: 1969
    The first volume of E.H. Carr's eight-volume history of Soviet Russia,, containing an analysis of those events and controversies in Bolshevik history between 1898 and 1917 which influenced the nature and course of the Revolution itself.
  9. The Bolshevik Revolution 1917 - 1923 - Volume Two
    A history of Soviet Russia

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1952   Published: 1966
  10. The Bolshevik Revolution 1917 - 1923 - Voume Three
    Volume 3

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1953   Published: 1971
  11. Bolshevik Women
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1997
    A history of the contributions of women to the Soviet Communist Party before 1921 in Russia.
  12. The Bolsheviks
    Index to the biographies and writings of members of the Party that made the October 1917 Revolution in Russia.

    Resource Type: Website
  13. The Bolsheviks Come to Power
    The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2009
    An account of how the Bolshevik revolution triumphed.
  14. The Bolsheviks in Power
    The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
  15. The Bolsheviks and Workers' Control 
    The State and Counter-Revolution

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1970
    A pamphlet exposing the struggle that took place over the running of workplaces in the immediate aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In doing so not only does it demolish the romantic Leninist "history" of the relationship between the working class and their party during these years (1917-21) but it also provides a backbone to understanding why the Russian revolution failed in the way it did. From this understanding flows alternative possibilities of revolutionary organization.
  16. Bolshevism and Stalinism 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1947
    From any view that goes beyond the capitalist system of exploitation, Stalinism and Trotskyism are both relics of the past.
  17. Bolshevism: The Road to Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1999
    An in-depth analysis of the history of Bolshevism and the many programmatic, tactical and organisational lessons to be drawn from that history.
  18. Brinton, Maurier - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of Maurice Brinton (1923-2005).
  19. Broué, Pierre - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of Pierre Broué (1926 – 2005).
  20. A Classic Study Revisited
    Against The Current vol. 143

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2009
    Pierre Broué (1926-2005) was one of the few Trotskyist historians who carved out a niche in academia, though this career choice had to overcome many obstacles. Coming of age at a time in France when the historical profession mostly consisted of either conservative anti-communists or historians closely linked to the milieu of the hard-line French Communist Party, Broué, a long-time member of the Lambertiste current within French Trotskyism (until his expulsion in 1989), from early on had to learn to fight on his own.
  21. The Contradiction of Trotsky
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1948
    It was worth examining carefully Trotsky's attitude at the dawn of Stalinism, for it enables us to elucidate the (theoretical) policy to which he adhered until his death. I have said that Trotsky represented, between 1923 and 1927, the contradictions of Bolshevism. I should now add that he never emerged from this divided situation. Subsequently he transported into the domain of revolutionary theory the contradiction in which he had become objectively enclosed. Of course, he was forced by events to perceive the counter-revolutionary character of Stalinism, but he was not capable of taking an overall view of the new Stalinist society and of defining it.
  22. Council Communism & The Critique of Bolshevism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1999
    Council Communists don't see Stalinism as a sort of 'counter-revolution' that deprived October of its fruits. Rather they see Stalinism just as a fruit of this revolution, one that opened the door for capitalism in Russia. Stalin was the heir of Bolshevism and the Bolshevik Revolution.
  23. A Dictionary of Marxist Thought
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1983
  24. Failure of a Dream?
    Essays in the History of American Socialism

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1974
    Examines the reasons for the relative weakness of American socialism.
  25. From Bolshevism to the Bureaucracy
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1962
    Among the innumerable questions raised by the fate of the Russian Revolution, two form the poles around which we may organise all the others. The first question is: What kind of society was produced by the degeneration of the revolution? (What is the nature and the dynamic of this regime? What is the Russian bureaucracy? What is its relation to capitalism and to the proletariat? What is its place in history? What are its present problems?)
  26. From Lenin to Stalin 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1937   Published: 1973
    A fascinating, first-hand account of the Stalinist takeover in Russia.
  27. From National Bolshevism to Ecologism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1980
    National Bolshevism, which made its appearance in the German council movement in 1920, was initially created by two ex-militants of the American I.W.W., who played in Germany the same role as anarcho-syndicalism in Italian fascism, confirming once again that non-Marxist anti-capitalism is a sine qua non in the development of fascism.
  28. Germany's lost Bolshevik: Paul Levi revisited
    A review of David Fernbach (ed), In the Steps of Rosa Luxemburg: Selected Writings by Paul Levi

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Paul Levi’s name is almost unknown today outside a small community of specialised historians. But in the years 1919 and 1920 he was well known in Germany and abroad as the chair of the young Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He would become the most controversial figure in the German Communist movement. He was mainly responsible for building the KPD from a relatively small organisation in early 1918 into a truly mass party.
  29. The Hero' of Kronstadt Writes History
    Review of The Revolution Betrayed

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1937
    It is only necessary to reflect on the paramount role which Trotsky played in the first thundering years of Bolshevik Russia to understand why he cannot admit that the Bolshevik revolution was only able to change the form of capitalism but was not able to do away with the capitalist form of exploitation. It is the shadow of that period that lies in the way of his understanding.
  30. The History of Democracy 
    A Marxist Interpretation

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2013
    Roper traces the history of democracy from ancient Athens to the emergence of liberal representative and socialist participatory democracy. He argues that democracy cannot be understood separately from the social and economic contexts in which democratic states operate.
  31. Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1980
    Argues that the accepted theories of imperialism are profoundly flawed.
  32. International Communism in the Era of Lenin
    A Documentary History

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1972
  33. The International Situation
    World United Front & Proletarian Revolution

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1977
    These Canadian Marxist-Leninists distinguish themselves from those who they perceive as betrayers of the working class -- namely the Communist Party of Canada and other "phoney" communists. In this paper the authors engage with the international situation and analyze major trends on a global level. Accordingly, they seek to determine: 1) what effect the international situation will have on the revolutionary struggles in Canada and consequently on the tasks of Marxist-Leninists who must lead these struggles, and 2) the responsibilities and tasks of the Canadian working class and Marxist-Leninists in upholding proletarian internationalism. This is Pamphlet 2.
  34. The Invading Socialist Society
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1947
    History has shown that in moments of great social crisis, its farthest flights fall short of the reality of the proletarian revolution. Never was the proletariat so ready for the revolutionary struggle, never was the need for it so great, never was it more certain that the proletarian upheaval, however long delayed, will only the more certainly take humanity forward in the greatest leap forward it has hitherto made. The periods of retreat, of quiescence, of inevitable defeats are mere episodes in the face of the absolute nature of the crisis.
  35. Kronstadt 1921: Trotsky's Defense. Response to Trotsky
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    It is in fact in the domain of repression that the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party committed, from the very beginning of the revolution, the gravest errors, those which were to most dangerously contribute to on one hand to the bureaucratization of the party and the state, and on the other to disarming the masses and, more particularly, the revolutionaries. It is about time that we realized this.
  36. The Kronstadt Commune
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1938   Published: 1971
    A history of the Kronstadt Uprising 1921 which highlights one of the most important yet neglected events of the Russian Revolution. The suppression of the most revolutionary section of the Navy by the Bolsheviks was the final blow to any hope of a genuine revolution based on democratic workers' control. Mett dispels many of the contemporary mistruths put forward by Bolshevik propagandists and includes a number of original sources from the commune.
  37. Kronstadt rebellion
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    An uprising of Soviet sailors, soldiers and civilians against the Bolshevik government in 1921.
  38. The "Labor Aristocracy" and Working-Class Struggles: Consciousness in Flux, Part 2
    Against The Current vol. 124

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    Whatever the theoretical and empirical problems with the economics of the labor aristocracy thesis, its defenders still claim that well paid workers have generally been more reformist and conservative in their politics than lower paid workers. They point to the example of mostly white New York City construction workers ("hardhats") attacking antiwar demonstrators in the Spring of 1970; and contrast them with the militancy and progressive politics of some of the recent "Justice for Janitors" campaigns.
  39. "Left-Wing" Communism
    An Infantile Disorder

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1918
    Lenin's repsonse to ultraleftists who advocate 'no compromises' and refuse to work in 'reactionary' trade unions and parliamentary elections.
  40. Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A series of rebellions and uprisings against the Bolsheviks led or supported by left wing groups.
  41. Lenin
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2011
  42. Lenin 1917-18: the road to the authoritarian state.
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    Lenin’s focus when he returned to Russia in 1917 was on the facts of the revolution, rather than outdated Bolshevik theory. He began with what was real, rather than an abstract possibility.
  43. Lenin and the Vanguard Party
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1963
    To believe that Bolshevism, or to be more precise, Leninism, would under the circumstances advocate or preach the theory of the vanguard party is to continue slander of Leninism, but not to his theory of the party (that is no longer viable) but to his central doctrine - the role of the proletariat in the preservation of society from barbarism. To interpret Leninism as the advocacy of a vanguard party of three million is nearly as bad as the doctrine of Goebbels that Christ was not a Jew. Objective circumstances in Russia forced Lenin into a certain position. He accepted it without apologising for it. He knew what he was doing and he knew also, for he said it many times, what he was not doing. His doubts about it, not only for other countries but for Russia, he made public many, many times.
  44. Lenin as Philosopher
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1938   Published: 1948
    Since the importance of Lenin's philosophy is so strongly emphasised in Leninist organizations, it is necessary to make it the subject of a serious critical study. The doctrine of Party-Communism of the Third International cannot be judged adequately unless their philosophical basis is thoroughly examined.
  45. Lenin as Philosopher
    Some additional remarks to Anton Pannekoek's recent criticism of Lenin's book Materialism and Empirio-Criticism

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    Both in his revolutionary materialist philosophy and m his revolutionary jacobinic politics, Lenin hid from himself the historical truth that his Russian revolution, in spite of a temporary attempt to break through its particular limitations in connection with the simultaneous revolutionary movement of the proletarian class in the West, was bound to remain in fact a belated successor of the great bourgeois revolutions of the past.
  46. Lenin and the Bolshevik Party: A revolutionary collective
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2018
    The Russian Revolution of 1917 clearly reveals the complexities of Bolshevism – Lenin's party – as a revolutionary collective.
  47. Lenin in 1917
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1924   Published: 1925
  48. Lenin, Trotsky and the Vanguard Party
    A Contemporary View

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1963   Published: 1964
  49. Lenin, Vladimir - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
  50. Lenin's April Theses and the Russian Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    In 1917 Lenin arrived from exile iin Petrograd, soon to give an outline of what were to be called the April Theses. Broadly, the theses can be summarised as follows: Only the overthrow of the provisional government and the fight for soviet power could secure a state of affairs that would bring bread to the workers, land to the peasants and peace to end the imperialist war.
  51. The Lessons of October
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1924
  52. Marxism and Freedom 
    From 1776 to Today

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1958   Published: 2000
    Dunayevskaya argues that Marx's theory is the generalisation of the instinctive striving of the proletariat for a new social order, a truly human society.
  53. A Marxist History of the World part 71: Dual power: the mechanics of revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The centuries old Russian monarchy was overthrown in a matter of days in February 1917. Neil Faulkner looks at the months of turmoil that followed.
  54. A Marxist History of the World part 72: February to October the rhythms of revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The situation of 'dual power' that emerged after the overthrow of the Tsar in February 1917 was marked by a series of major political crises.
  55. A Marxist History of the World part 73: 1917: the October Insurrection
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
  56. A Marxist History of the World part 80: Stalinism: the bitter fruit of revolutionary defeat
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Neil Faulkner looks at the time when the Bolshevik regime turned in on itself and morphed into a mockery of its socialist ideals.
  57. Marxists Internet Archive 
    Resource Type: Website
    Large archive of the writings of Marx and Engels and of others in the Marxist tradition. Searchable.
  58. Mattick, Paul - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of Paul Mattick (1904-1981).
  59. Max Eastman: One American Radical's View of the 'Bolshevization' of the American Revolutionary Movement and a Forgotten, and Unforgettable, Portrait of Trotsky
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
  60. Memoirs of a Revolutionary 1901- 1941 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1943   Published: 1967
    Victor Serge, who was bron in 1890 and died in 1947, was an anarchist, a Bolshevik, a Trotskyist, and a revisionist-Marxist. Belgian by birth and upbringing, French by adoption and in literary expression, Russian by parentage and later by citizenship, he eventually became stateless and was put down as a Spanish national for purposes of his funeral documents. He was a journalist, a poet, a pamphleteer, a historian, a political prisoner, an agitator, and a novelist.
  61. My Disillusionment in Russia
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1925
    Anarchist Emma Goldman recounts her experiences in Russia during the early years of the Revolution, and her subsequent disillusionment with the Bolshevik regime.
  62. My Life
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1930   Published: 1970
    Trotsky's autobiography, published in 1930.
  63. The Myth of Lenin's 'Concept of The Party'
    What They Did to What Is To Be Done?

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1990
    Lenin protested more than once that his initial formulations in WITBD were being distorted and misinterpreted by opponents, after which he went on to clarify and modify. If we want to know Lenin's 'concept of the party' we must look at the formulations he came to, after there had been discussions and attacks.
  64. National liberation and Bolshevism reexamined: A view from the borderlands - An analysis of the socialist debates on the national question up through 1914
    A view from the Czarist empire's borderlands obliges us to rethink assumptions about the revolutions of 1905 and 1917

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    The following paper analyzes the socialist debates on the national question up through 1914. I argue that an effective strategy of anti-colonial Marxism was first put forward by the borderland socialists, not the Bolsheviks. Lenin and his comrades lagged behind the non-Russian Marxists on this crucial issue well into the Civil War.
  65. National Liberation and Bolshevism Reexamined
    A View from the Borderlands

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    A view from the Czarist empire's borderlands obliges us to rethink many long-held assumptions about the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, as well as the development of Marxist approaches to national liberation, peasant struggle, permanent revolution, and the emancipation of women.
  66. 1905 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1922   Published: 1972
    For a number of years, when the reaction was triumphant, the year 1905 appeared to us as a completed whole, as the Russian revolution.
  67. Notes from a Revolution Dying
    Against The Current vol. 134

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    In June 1922, five years on from the Russian Revolution, a group of Moscow communists gathered to discuss a letter by Vladimir Petrzhek, an auto worker, tendering his resignation from the communist (or Bolshevik) party. Petrzhek was one of the worker communists who swelled the party’s ranks during the civil war of 1918-19, when the communist “Reds” had defended the revolution from the western-supported “White” generals.
  68. Obsolete Communism
    The Left-Wing Alternative

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1968   Published: 1969
    An account of the May 1968 uprising in Paris, positing a left radical alternative to the encrusted beliefs of the old left and the right. A comment on power, on bureaucracy, and on the paths to liberation.
  69. Once More: Kronstadt
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    I admire Trotsky and accept many of his theories. An article like this - essentially a piece of special pleading, however brilliant - makes it harder to defend Trotsky from the often-made accusation that his thinking is sectarian and inflexible.
  70. Once More: Kronstadt
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    The question which dominates today the whole discussion is, in substance, this: When and how did Bolshevism begin to degenerate?
  71. Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1926
    In 1926 a group of exiled Russian anarchists in France, the Delo Truda (Workers' Cause) group, published this pamphlet.
  72. Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1904
    Rosa Luxemburg's contribution to the debate within the Russian Social Democratic movement on party organization and democratic centralism. Luxemburg joins Trotsky in warning of the dangers inherent in centralism and argues against the concentration of power in a Central Committee. From a Socialist Revolutionary perspective Luxemburg puts forward compelling arguments against Lenin's conception of the revolutionary party.
  73. Our Generation
    Volume 12 Number 2

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
  74. Paul D'Amato and the Red Condom
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
  75. Paul Levi: A Luxemburgist Alternative?
    A review of In the Steps of Rosa Luxemburg: Selected Writings of Paul Levi

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Among the adversaries of capitalism, some have argued that a revolution could have been achieved differently and better in the spirit of Rosa Luxemburg, who wrote a critique of the Bolsheviks’ undemocratic policies as early as 1918. Paul Levi, Luxemburg’s lawyer, briefly her lover, her follower, and from 1919 to 1921 her successor at the head of German Communism, was the first to defend a Luxemburgist alternative to Bolshevism.
  76. A People's History of the World 
    From the Stone Age to the New Millennium

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1999
    Harman describes the shape and course of human history as a narrative of ordinary people forming and re-forming complex societies in pursuit of common human goals.
  77. Practice and Theory of Bolshevism
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1920   Published: 1962
  78. Prelude to Revolution
    The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1968   Published: 1991
    About the role of the Bolsheviks in the period between the February and October 1917 revolutions, concentrating on their role in the July uprising in Petrograd.
  79. The Question of Stalin
    Resource Type: Article
    Colletti explores the contradictions of Bolshevism as the vanguard party which constructed a powerful state apparatus to manage the socialist relations of production while abandoning the development of socialist democracy.
  80. Real Utopia 
    Participatory Society for the twenty-first century

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2008
    Real Utopia identifies and obliterates the barriers to an egalitarian, bottom-up society, while convincingly outlining how to build it.
  81. Red Emma Speaks
    Selected Writings and Speeches by Emma Goldman

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1972
    A collection of essays which provide a comprehensive view of Emma Goldman's theories and beliefs.
  82. The Red Menace 
    A libertarian socialist newsletter

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1975   Published: 1980
    Articles on topics such as socialism, Marxism, anarchism, work, popular education, organizing, wages for housework, Leninism, bureaucracy, hierarchy, jargon, prostitution, obscenity, science fiction, and terrorism.
  83. Report from Moscow from Otto Ruhle
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1920
    The Russian tactic is the tactic of authoritarian organisation. It has been so consistently developed and in the end carried to extremes, by the Bolsheviks to the fundamental principle of centralism that it has led to over-centralism... Centralism is the organisational principle of the bourgeois-capitalist age. With it the bourgeois state and the capitalist economy can be built up. Not however the proletarian state and the socialist economy. They demand the council system. For the KAPD - contrary to Moscow - the revolution is no party matter, the party no authoritarian organisation from the top down, the leader no military chief, the masses no army condemned to blind obedience, the dictatorship no despotism of a ruling clique; communism no springboard for the rise of a new Soviet bourgeoisie.
  84. Revolutionary Organisation and Open Letter to IS
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1972
    A 1972 pamphlet incorporating two previously published texts, 'Revolutionary Organisation' (1961) and 'An Open Letter to I.S.' (1968). They are presented as "a contribution to the serious discussing now taking place, within the ranks of revolutionaryies, as to what kind of organisation is necessary."
  85. Revolutionary reels: Soviet propaganda film and the Russian Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2019
    However, the Bolsheviks would revolutionize Russian cinema as leaders recognized the potential of film propaganda as a way to influence the political and social attitudes of the people. Vladimir Lenin clearly understood the power of film, as he stated, "Of all the arts, for us, cinema is most important."
  86. The Role of Bolshevik Ideology in the Birth of the Bureaucracy
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1962
    People have not finished talking about the Russian Revolution, its problems, its degeneration, and about the regime it ultimately produced. And how could one? Of all the revolts of the working class, the Russian Revolution was the only victorious one. And of all the working class's failures, it was the most thoroughgoing and the most revealing.
  87. Rosa Luxemburg
    Abridged Edition

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1966   Published: 1969
    A biography of Luxemburg by a British academic.
  88. Rosa Luxemburg, Women's Liberation, and Marx's Philosophy of Revolution 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1981   Published: 1982
    Part I - Rosa Luxemburg as Theoretician, as Activist, as Internationalist. Part II - The Women's Liberation Movement as Revolutionary Force and Reason. Part III - Karl Marx: From Critic of Hegel to Author of Capital and Theorist of "Revolution in Permanence."
  89. Russia in Revolution 1900-1930
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1978
    A portrait of thirty years of political and artistic upheaval.
  90. The Russian Enigma: Lenin, Also...
    Chapter 9 of Book 3 of The Russian Enigma, cut by the publisher of the original 1938 version

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938   Published: 1979
    Chapter 9 of Book 3 of Ante Ciliga's The Russian Enigma originally published as In The Land of The Great Lie. The book details Ciliga's time spent in Soviet Prisons and 'isolaters' following his arrest for belonging to the Trotskyist Opposition, and provides a wealth of important documentary information concerning the miserable conditions in which the working class were reduced to living in, the extent of the 'criminalisation' of large swathes of the population, and the various forms in which resistance appeared.
  91. The Russian Revolution 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1918   Published: 1961
    The basic lesson of every great revolution, the law of its being, decrees: either the revolution must advance at a rapid, stormy, resolute tempo, break down all barriers with an iron hand and place its goals ever farther ahead, or it is quite soon thrown backward behind its feeble point of departure and suppressed by counter-revolution. To stand still, to mark time on one spot, to be contented with the first goal it happens to reach, is never possible in revolution. And he who tries to apply the home-made wisdom derived from parliamentary battles between frogs and mice to the field of revolutionary tactics only shows thereby that the very psychology and laws of existence of revolution are alien to him.
  92. The Russian tragedy
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1918
    There is only one solution to the tragedy in which Russia in caught up: an uprising at the rear of German imperialism, the German mass rising, which can signal the international revolution to put an end to this genocide.
  93. Selections from the Prison Notebooks 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1951   Published: 1973
    Gramsci's Notebooks cover a wide range of subjects including history, culture, politics, and philosophy.
  94. Serge, Viktor - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of Victor Serge (1890-1947).
  95. Situationist International Anthology 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1981   Published: 2006
    A selection of Situationist writings.
  96. Six Red Months in Russia
    An Observers Account of Russia Before and During the Proletarian Dictatorship

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1918
    Louise Bryant's account of her time in Russia during the revolution 1917-1918.
  97. The Socialist Register 1964
    Volume 1: A Survey of Movements & Ideas

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1964
  98. The Socialist Register 1975
    Volume 12: A Survey of Movements & Ideas

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1975
  99. The Socialist Register 1984
    Volume 21: The Uses of Anti-Communism

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1984
  100. Socialist Thought
    A Documentary History

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1964
    An anthology of important documents in the history of European socialist thought, from pre-revolutionary France to the 1950s.
  101. Stalin, Marxism-Leninism and the Left
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1976
  102. The State and Revolution 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1917
    Lenin on the Marxist view of the state and revolution.
  103. The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1939
    Russia must be placed first among the new totalitarian states. It was the first to adopt the new state principle. It went furthest in its application. It was the first to establish a constitutional dictatorship, together with the political and administrative terror system which goes with it. Adopting all the features of the total state, it thus became the model for those other countries which were forced to do away with the democratic state system and to change to dictatorial rule. Russia was the example for fascism. There is an unbridgeable opposition between bolshevism and socialism. Nationalism, authoritarianism, centralism, leader dictatorship, power policies, terror-rule, mechanistic dynamics, inability to socialize-all these essential characteristics of fascism were and are existing in bolshevism.
  104. The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution
    a.k.a. The April Theses

    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1917
    This article contains Lenin’s famous April Theses read by him at two meetings of the All-Russia Conference of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, on April 4, 1917.
  105. Ten Days That Shook The World 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1919   Published: 1960
    John Reed's gripping account of the Russian Revolution of November 1917.
  106. Theses of the Workers Opposition
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1921
    Advocated the role of unionized workers in directing the economy at a time when Soviet government organs were running industry by dictate and trying to exclude trade unions from a participatory role.
  107. To The Finland Station
    A Study in the Writing and Acting of History

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1940   Published: 1953
    The revolutionary tradition in Europe and the rise of socialism.
  108. Trotsky Reconsidered: Claude Lefort's Perspective
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    In spite of all the ink spilled that says the opposite, Trotsky may have been closer to Stalin than he was to Lenin. That’s the argument made by Claude Lefort (one of the leading members of Socialisme ou Barbarisme) in a 1948 essay, “The Contradiction of Trotsky.” He criticizes Trotsky for having over and over again pursued a conciliationist approach towards Stalin and failing to uphold what Lefort claims would have been Lenin’s positions if he had still been alive.
  109. Trotskyism and the vanguard party 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1974
    One of the most consistent achievements of the Trotskyists over the years has been to drive people away from radical politics. The number of burned-out and alienated ex-Trotskyists greatly exceeds the number of active Trotskyists. Their transparently manipulative tactics in the organizations they infiltrate tend to drive ordinary members away, forever wary of anyone identified as a Trotskyist.
  110. Trotsky's History of the Russian Revolution
    Volume One

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1932   Published: 1967
    A combination of dramatic narrative and searching analysis by one of the key figures in the Russian Revolution. Volume 1 cover the period up to the “July Days” – a semi-insurrection followed by attempted stamping out of Bolshevism in Petrograd.
  111. Trotsky's History of the Russian Revolution 
    Volume Two

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1932   Published: 1967
  112. Trotsky's History of the Russian Revolution 
    Volume Three

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1932   Published: 1967
  113. Was the Bolshevik Revolution a Failure?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    As soon as the Bolsheviks recognized that the proletariat was too weak to establish state capitalistic systems favorable to Russia in other countries, and also that the bourgeoisie was no longer willing to risk anything in a struggle against state capitalist Russia, that is, about 1920, the Bolsheviks ceased to support revolutionary movements in other countries and instead prepared for a peaceful side by side existence with the other capitalistic systems.
  114. Why Marx Was Right 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2011
    Eagleton takes common objections to Marxism and demonstrates how and why they are wrong.
  115. Workers' Opposition
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A group within the Russian Communist Party that struggled to achieve workers rights and trade union control over industry.
  116. Working Class Experience 
    Rethinking the History of Canadian Labour, 1800-1991

    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1983   Published: 1992
    From nineteenth-century tavern life to late twentieth-century cinema, from rough canallers and the first stirrings of craft unionism to contemporary public-sector strikes, this books provides a sweeping interpretive study of the history of the Canadian working class since 1800.
  117. Year One of the Russian Revolution
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1930   Published: 1972
    The purpose of Year One of the Russian Revolution is essentially one of reconstructing the chain of events, in the Russia of revolution and counter-revolution, which has led from the 'Commune-State' of 1917 to the party dictatorship of late 1918. The terms of the narrative are fixed by Serge's basic convictions, firstly, that the October Revolution of 1917 was a genuine expression of mass feeling by workers and peasants in their overwhelming majority, and secondly that the revolutionary wave had very quickly exhausted itself, or rather bled itself dry, through the military depredation and economic ruin which wrought havoc in an already enfeebled Russia during the early months following the Bolshevik seizure of power.

Experts on Bolch‚visme in the Sources Directory

  1. Marxists Internet Archive

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